The officers involved in the Jamar Clark shooting are Mark Ringgenberg, 30, and Dustin Schwarze, 29. Each has seven years' policing experience, including the past 17 months with Minneapolis.

Ringgenberg joined the Minneapolis force after 2½ years with the Maple Grove and Osseo police departments. Before that, he was a San Diego police officer for four years. In San Diego, he was sued in federal court in 2012 for his alleged rough treatment of a suspect resisting arrest. The suit was later dismissed.

Schwarze came from the Richfield Police Department after being on that force for almost six years. In 2009, a federal lawsuit was dismissed that alleged Schwarze forced a man to become a police informant through false arrests and threats. He has a pending suit against him regarding an excessive force allegation when he worked in Richfield.